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Validity in Qualitative Research

Yale University School of Nursing

Susan K. Chase

Adult Health Department at Boston College School of Nursing

Carol Lynn Mandle

Boston College School of Nursing, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Mind Body Medical Institute at Harvard Medical School

Much contemporary dialogue has centered on the difficulty of establishing validity criteria in qualitative research. Developing validity standards in qualitative research is challenging because of the necessity to incorporate rigor and subjectivity as well as creativity into the scientific process. This article explores the extant issues related to the science and art of qualitative research and proposes a synthesis of contemporary viewpoints. A distinction between primary and secondary validity criteria in qualitative research is made with credibility, authenticity, criticality, and integrity identified as primary validity criteria and explicitness, vividness, creativity, thoroughness, congruence, and sensitivity identified as secondary validity criteria.

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